Interval 5, KGA 12, around 1.3 My old
Metacarpals
Three specimens (Fig. 12) have relatively flat and wide diaphyses, wide suptra-articular breadths and deep keels..
Metatarsals
They are robust, with wide suptra-articular breadths, and deeper diaphyses than most of Konso metapodials. (…)
Interval 4 or 5, KGA 7/8 localities
Cranium
The data (Table A) and photographs of the cranium KGA 8-374 were kindly communicated by Dr Hideo Nakaya (Fig. 17).
The cranium (Basilar Length : 529mm) is about the size of E. grevyi, complete, and belonged to an adult male. The cheek (measure (…)
Discussion
Gen Suwa et al., 2003 distinguish an earlier fauna, with endemic bovids, prior to 1.7 Ma, followed by “an influx of external elements…most likely related to a general East African trend of climatic drying†, resulting in “the post-1.5 Ma characterized by newly occurring taxa (…)
Conclusions
The material from Konso comprises one beautiful cranium and many limb bones most of which are unfortunately fragmentary. The whole is not homogeneous.
Most limb bones suggest the existence all through the sequence of a robust Equus. Only those from Interval 5, KGA 12 have (…)
1. In East Turkana, at Koobi Fora, inside levels about 1.9 My old, were found remains of a very large Allohippus : A. koobiforensis. The patterns of its upper and lower cheek teeth were different from usual Allohippine patterns.
At the same time there lived at Koobi Fora a smaller monodactyl (…)
Tibia
KNM ER 1277 is a perfectly preserved Tibia (Fig. 59, 60) resembling a large E. burchelli.
Fig. 59
Fig. 60
“Associated†First Phalanges
The association of KNM ER 2678 Ph1 (MC zone, Sub Chari, Area 6 A) is certainly wrong (Fig. 61). In an Equus individual, Anterior Ph1 are never (…)
Associated Upper and Lower Cheek teeth
KNM ER 4055, Galana Boi, (Fig. 58). The pattern of the upper cheek teeth is compatible with extant Equus burchelli and Equus grevyi. The size is intermediate. The lower premolar has a very high stem and reminds of Asses and some teeth from Garba IV at (…)