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Hipparions from East Africa
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Hipparions from Omo, Introduction (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
Equids from Omo deposits were described by Hooijer (1975) and Eisenmann (1985).
The following articles on the web site are mainly photographs of the Hipparion material, personal and adapted from Hooijer, with few comments. Most of the photographs are natural size.
Joleaud (1933) described (…)
Mursi Formation (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
As much as I know, the Mursi Formation is believed to be older than 4 Ma. The fragment of MC III (YS 1968-3585) may have belonged to the same species as KP 62 128/65 from Kanapoi (Fig.M1).
The lower P2 has no ectostylid (Fig.M2).
Usno Formation (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
The sediments of the Usno Formation date from ca. 3 to ca. 4 Ma.
The upper cheek teeth are very plicated (Fig.U1); the lower molar has isolated protostylid and ectostylid, both small (Fig.U2).
Shungura Formation, Member A (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
The Member A of the Shungura Formation is correlated with the lower part of Usno Formation.
I know of only one cheek tooth, an upper P2, 81-1969-109. The enamel is plicated and the pli caballin is long (Fig.A1).
Shungura Formation, Member B (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
The Member B of the Shungura Formation is correlated with the upper part of Usno Formation. Its age is comprised between 3.5 and 3 Ma.
The material collected by the French and American expeditions is much richer than that of the older sediments. There are several limb bones, and more than a (…)
Shungura Formation, Member C and B-C (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
There are but a few available photographs although Hooijer described more fossils.
A mandibular symphysis (Fig.C1) shows no reduction of the I3.
On the lower B-C 3 70-701 (Fig.C2) both protostylid and ectostylid appear on the occlusal view although the tooth is little worn. It seems to (…)
Shungura Formation, Member D (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
A lower I1 (Fig.D1) seems to differ from those from the symphysis of Shungura C: more flattened and more grooved.
The distal half of a MT III (Fig.D2) is smaller than that from Shungura B.
The Ph1 from Tuff D (Fig.D3) certainly belongs to another species than that from Shungura B.
Shungura Formation, Member E and E-F (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
Again, the size differences suggest the coexistence of two species – one small, with simpler enamel (lower P2, Ph1), the other larger with grooved and flat incisors.
Shungura Formation, Member F (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
Size differences persist (Fig.F1, Fig.F2).
Ectostylids are developed and sometimes multiple (Fig.F3, F6).
Shungura Formation, Member G (Hipparions from Omo Valley, Ethiopia)
Tuesday 28 April 2015
Size differences persist as well as differences in plication patterns on upper cheek teeth (Fig.G1).
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